The basilar membrane is a flexible structure inside the cochlea of the inner ear.
Sound vibrations create travelling waves along this membrane, causing specific regions to move according to sound frequency.
These movements stimulate sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti, which convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals that travel through the auditory nerve to the brain.
Unlike many other cells, mature cochlear hair cells in humans have very limited ability to regenerate. Their loss can lead to permanent sensorineural hearing loss.
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